Etika dan Profesionalisme TSI (PENULISAN)

Jelaskan pengertian etika, ciri khas profesi, tata laku dan etika berprofesi dibilang IT dan studi kasusnya ?

JAWAB :

         Etika berasal dari bahasa yunani yaitu ethos yang berarti karakter, watak kesusilaan atau adat. Etika akan sangat berkaitan dengan konsep yang dimiliki oleh sekelompok orang atau individu untuk menilai apakah perbuatan-perbuatan yang kita lakukan itu salah atau benar, buruk atau baik. Etika disebut juga filsafat moral adalah cabang filsafat yang berbicara tentang praxis (tindakan) manusia. Etika tidak mempersoalkan keadaan manusia, melainkan mempersoalkan bagaimana manusia harus bertindak. Tindakan manusia ini ditentukan oleh bermacam-macam norma.

         Secara umum ada beberapa ciri atau sifat yang selalu melekat pada profesi, yaitu :

1. Adanya pengetahuan khusus, yang biasanya keahlian dan keterampilan ini dimiliki berkat pendidikan, pelatihan dan pengalaman yang bertahun-tahun.

2. Adanya kaidah dan standar moral yang sangat tinggi. Hal ini biasanya setiap pelaku profesi mendasarkan kegiatannya pada kode etik profesi.

3. Mengabdi pada kepentingan masyarakat, artinya setiap pelaksana profesi harus

meletakkan kepentingan pribadi di bawah kepentingan masyarakat.

4. Ada izin khusus untuk menjalankan suatu profesi. Setiap profesi akan selalu berkaitan dengan kepentingan masyarakat, dimana nilai-nilai kemanusiaan berupa keselamatan,keamanan, kelangsungan hidup dan sebagainya, maka untuk menjalankan suatu profesi harus terlebih dahulu ada izin khusus.

5. Kaum profesional biasanya menjadi anggota dari suatu profesi. Dengan melihat ciri-ciri umum profesi di atas, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa kaum profesional adalah orang-orang yang memiliki tolak ukur perilaku yang berada di atas rata-rata. Di satu pihak ada tuntutan dan tantangan yang sangat berat, tetapi di lain pihak ada suatu kejelasan mengenai pola perilaku yang baik dalam rangka kepentingan masyarakat. Seandainya semua bidang kehidupan dan bidang kegiatan menerapkan suatu standar profesional yang tinggi, bisa diharapkan akan tercipta suatu kualitas masyarakat yang semakin baik.

         Etika berprofesi di bidang IT adalah suatu sikap atau perbuatan baik atau buruk manusia dalam mengaplikasikan ilmunya atau menjalankan profesi IT bukan mudah dan bukan sukar, yang terpenting adalah kita mampu menempatkan diri pada posisi yang benar.

  Studi kasus : Pada umumnya, programmer harus mematuhi “Golden Rule”: Memperlakukan orang lain sebagaimana kamu ingin diperlakukan. Jika semua programmer mematuhi peraturan ini, maka tidak akan ada masalah dalam komunitas.

     Profesionalisme (profésionalisme) ialah sifat-sifat (kemampuan, kemahiran, cara pelaksanaan sesuatu dan lain-lain) sebagaimana yang sewajarnya ter­dapat pada atau dilakukan oleh seorang profesional.Profesionalisme berasal daripada profesion yang bermakna berhubungan dengan profesion dan memerlukan kepandaian khusus untuk menjalankannya, (KBBI, 1994). Jadi, profesionalisme adalah tingkah laku, kepakaran atau kualiti dari seseorang yang profesional (Longman, 1987).

·         Ciri-ciri profesionalisme :

1. Keinginan untuk selalu menampilkan perilaku yang mendekati piawai ideal.

Seseorang yang memiliki profesionalisme tinggi akan selalu berusaha mewujudkan dirinya sesuai dengan piawai yang telah ditetapkan. Ia akan mengidentifikasi dirinya kepada sesorang yang dipandang memiliki piawaian tersebut. Yang dimaksud dengan “piawai ideal” ialah suatu perangkat perilaku yang dipandang paling sempurna dan dijadikan sebagai rujukan.

2. Meningkatkan dan memelihara imej profesion

Profesionalisme yang tinggi ditunjukkan oleh besarnya keinginan untuk selalu meningkatkan dan memelihara imej profesion melalui perwujudan perilaku profesional. Perwujudannya dilakukan melalui berbagai-bagai cara misalnya penampilan, cara percakapan, penggunaan bahasa, sikap tubuh badan, sikap hidup harian, hubungan dengan individu lainnya.

3. Keinginan untuk sentiasa mengejar kesempatan pengembangan profesional yang dapat meningkatkan dan meperbaiki kualiti pengetahuan dan keterampiannya.

4. Mengejar kualiti dan cita-cita dalam profesion

Profesionalisme ditandai dengan kualiti darjat rasa bangga akan profesion yang dipegangnya. Dalam hal ini diharapkan agar seseorang itu memiliki rasa bangga dan percaya diri akan profesionnya.

·         Kode etiknya :

Ø  Standar-standar etika menjelaskan dan menetapkan tanggung jawab terhadap klien, institusi, dan masyarakat pada umumnya

Ø  Standar-standar etika membantu tenaga ahli profesi dalam menentukan apa yang harus mereka perbuat kalau mereka menghadapi dilema-dilema etika dalam pekerjaan

Ø  Standar-standar etika membiarkan profesi menjaga reputasi atau nama dan fungsi-fungsi profesi dalam masyarakat melawan kelakuan-kelakuan yang jahat dari anggota-anggota tertentu

Ø  Standar-standar etika mencerminkan / membayangkan pengharapan moral-moral dari komunitas, dengan demikian standar-standar etika menjamin bahwa para anggota profesi akan menaati kitab UU etika (kode etik) profesi dalam pelayanannya

Ø  Standar-standar etika merupakan dasar untuk menjaga kelakuan dan integritas atau kejujuran dari tenaga ahli profesi

Ø  Perlu diketahui bahwa kode etik profesi adalah tidak sama dengan hukum (atau undang-undang). Seorang ahli profesi yang melanggar kode etik profesi akan menerima sangsi atau denda dari induk organisasi profesinya.

·         Jenis-jenis threats melalui IT :

a.       Facts Falsification

Ancaman ini merupakan kejahatan dengan cara memalsukan facts pada dokumen penting yang tersimpan scripless di internet. Kejahatan ini dilakukan dengan cara membuat dokumen seolah-olah terjadi “SALAH KETIK” dan pada akhirnya menguntungkan pelaku karna dapat memasukkan facts palsu.

b.      Infrigements Of Privacy

Jenis kejahatan ini biasanya ditujukan kepada facts pribadi seseorang yang tersimpan secara automated, misalnya kartu kredit, pin ATM dan lainnya.

c.      Cyber Intelligence bring about
           Jenis kejahatan ini memanfaatkan jaringan internet, kejahatan ini dilakukan

dengan cara melakukan kegiatan mata-mata curriculum komputer atau facts dikomputer yang terhubung dengan internet. Kejahatan ini biasanya dilakukan karena faktor persaingan bisnis.

d.      Cyber Sabotage and Extortion
Kejahatan ini dilakukan dengan membuat ganggunag, perusakan atau penghancuran terhadap suatu facts curriculum komputer. Kejahatan ini biasanya dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan virus pada komputer tertentu. 

·         Kasus-kasus cyber crime :

a.              Membajak situs mess

Salah satu kegiatan yang sering dilakukan oleh cracker adalah mengubah halaman mess, yang dikenal dengan istilah wreck. Pembajakan dapat dilakukan dengan mengeksploitasi lubang keamanan. Sekitar 4 bulan yang lalu, statistik di Indonesia menunjukkan satu situs mess dibajak setiap harinya.

b.             Inquiring dan haven scanning

Salah satu langkah yang dilakukan cracker sebelum masuk ke ma?tre d’h?tel yang ditargetkan adalah melakukan pengintaian. Cara yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan haven scanning atau inquiring untuk melihat servis-servis apa saja yang tersedia di ma?tre d’h?tel butt. Sebagai contoh, hasil scanning dapat menunjukkan bahwa ma?tre d’h?tel butt menjalankan curriculum mess ma?tre d’h?tel Apache, e-mail ma?tre d’h?tel Sendmail, dan seterusnya.

c.              Virus

Seperti halnya di tempat lain, virus komputer pun menyebar di Indonesia . Penyebaran umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan hurl by e-mail. Seringkali orang yang sistem emailnya terkena virus tidak sadar akan hal ini. Virus ini kemudian dikirimkan ke tempat lain melalui emailnya. Kasus virus ini sudah cukup banyak seperti virus Mellisa, I kindness you, dan SirCam. Untuk orang yang terkena virus, kemungkinan tidak banyak yang dapat kita lakukan.

d.             Disavowal of Benefit (DoS) dan Apply DoS (DDos) reliable

DoS reliable merupakan serangan yang bertujuan untuk melumpuhkan butt (fall, blow) sehingga dia tidak dapat memberikan layanan. Serangan ini tidak melakukan pencurian, penyadapan, ataupun pemalsuan facts. Akan tetapi dengan hilangnya layanan maka butt tidak dapat memberikan servis sehingga ada kerugian finansial.

Beauty and the beast

Once upon a time as a merchant set off for market, he asked each of his three daughters what she would like as a present on his return. The first daughter wanted a brocade dress, the second a pearl necklace, but the third, whose name was Beauty, the youngest, prettiest and sweetest of them all, said to her father:  

 "All I'd like is a rose you've picked specially for me!"   

When the merchant had finished his business, he set off for home. However, a sudden storm blew up, and his horse could hardly make headway in the howling gale. Cold and weary, the merchant had lost all hope of reaching an inn when he suddenly noticed a bright light shining in the middle of a wood. As he drew near, he saw that it was a castle, bathed in light.   

"I hope I'll find shelter there for the night," he said to himself. 

When he reached the door, he saw it was open, but though he shouted, nobody came to greet him. Plucking up courage, he went inside, still calling out to attract attention. On a table in the main hall, a splendid dinner lay already served. The merchant lingered, still shouting for the owner of the castle. But no one came, and so the starving merchant sat down to a hearty meal.  
Overcome by curiosity, he ventured upstairs, where the corridor led into magnificent rooms and halls. A fire crackled in the first room and a soft bed looked very inviting. It was now late, and the merchant could not resist. He lay down on the bed and fell fast asleep. 

When he woke next morning, an unknown hand had placed a mug of steaming coffee and some fruit by his bedside.  The merchant had breakfast and after tidying himself up, went downstairs to thank his generous host. But, as on the evening before, there was nobody in sight. Shaking his head in wonder at the strangeness of it all, he went towards the garden where he had left his horse, tethered to a tree. 

Suddenly, a large rose bush caught his eye.  Remembering his promise to Beauty, he bent down to pick a rose. Instantly, out of the rose garden, sprang a horrible beast, wearing splendid clothes. Two bloodshot eyes, gleaming angrily, glared at him and a deep, terrifying voice growled: 

"Ungrateful man! I gave you shelter, you ate at my table and slept in my own bed, but now all the thanks I get is the theft of my favorite flowers! I shall put you to death for this slight!" 

Trembling with fear, the merchant fell on his knees before the Beast.  "Forgive me! Forgive me! Don't kill me! I'll do anything you say! The rose wasn't for me, it was for my daughter Beauty. I promised to bring her back a rose from my journey!" 

The Beast dropped the paw it had clamped on the unhappy merchant.   

"I shall spare your life, but on one condition, that you bring me your daughter!can't you understand?" The terror-stricken merchant, faced with certain death if he did not obey, promised that he would do so. When he reached home in tears, his three daughters ran to greet him. After he had told them of his dreadful adventure, Beauty put his mind at rest immediately.

 
"Dear father, I'd do anything for you! Don't worry, you'll be able to keep your promise and save your life! Take me to the castle. I'll stay there in your place!" The merchant hugged his daughter.  

"I never did doubt your love for me. For the moment I can only thank you for saving my life." So Beauty was led to the castle. The Beast, however, had quite an unexpected greeting for the girl. Instead of menacing doom as it had done with her father, it was surprisingly pleasant.  

In the beginning, Beauty was frightened of the Beast, and shuddered at the sight of it. Then she found that, in spite of the monster's awful head, her horror of it was gradually fading as time went by. 

She had one of the finest rooms in the Castle, and sat for hours, embroidering in front of the fire. And the Beast would sit, for hours on end, only a short distance away, silently gazing at her. Then it started to say a few kind words, till in the end, Beauty was amazed to discover that she was actually enjoying its conversation. The days passed, and Beauty and the Beast became good friends. 

Then one day, the Beast asked the girl to be his wife.  Taken by surprise, Beauty did not know what to say. Marry such an ugly monster? She would rather die! But she did not want to  hurt the feelings of one who, after all, had been kind to her. And she remembered too that she owed it her own life as well as her father's.   

"I really can't say yes," she began shakily. "I'd so much like to..." The Beast interrupted her with an abrupt gesture.   

"I quite understand! And I'm not offended by your refusal!" Life went on as usual, and nothing further was said. 

One day, the Beast presented Beauty with a magnificent magic mirror. When Beauty peeped into it, she could see her family, far away.   

"You won't feel so lonely now," were the words that accompanied the gift. Beauty stared for hours at her distant family. Then she began to feel worried. One day, the Beast found her weeping beside the magic mirror.   

"What's wrong?" he asked, kindly as always.               

"My father is gravely ill and close to dying! Oh, how I wish I could see him again, before it's too late!please let me meet my father. i'm promise iwill return back . cant i?" But the Beast only shook its head.  "No! You will never leave this castle!" And off it stalked in a rage. 

However, a little later, it returned and spoke solemnly to the girl.  

"If you swear that you will return here in seven days time, I'll let you go and visit your father!can't you?" Beauty threw herself at the Beast's feet in delight.  "I can! I swear I will! How kind you are! You've made a loving daughter so happy!" In reality, the merchant had fallen ill from a broken heart at knowing his daughter was being kept prisoner. When he embraced her again, he was soon on the road to recovery. 

Beauty stayed beside him for hours on end, describing her life at the Castle, and explaining that the Beast was really good and kind. The days flashed past, and at last the merchant was able to leave his bed. He was completely well again. Beauty was happy at last. However, she had failed to notice that seven days had gone by.  Then one night she woke from a terrible nightmare. She had dreamt that the Beast was dying and calling for her, twisting in agony.   

"Come back! Come back to me!" it was pleading. The solemn  promise she had made drove her to leave home immediately.  "Hurry! Hurry, good horse!" she said, whipping her steed onwards towards the castle, afraid that she might arrive too late. She rushed up the stairs, calling, but there was no reply. Her heart in her mouth, Beauty ran into the garden and there crouched the Beast, its eyes shut, as though dead. Beauty threw herself at it and hugged it tightly.  

"Don't die! Don't die! I'll marry you . . ." At these words, a miracle took place. The Beast's ugly snout turned magically into the face of a handsome young man.  "How I've been longing for this moment!" he said. "I was suffering in silence, and couldn't tell my frightful secret. An evil witch turned me into a monster and only the love of a maiden willing to accept me as I was, could transform me back into my real self. My dearest! I'll be so happy if you'll marry me."  The wedding took place shortly after and, from that day on, the young Prince would have nothing but roses in his gardens. And that's why, to this day, the castle is known as the Castle of the Rose.

Cinderella

Once upon a time... there lived an unhappy young girl. Unhappy she was, for her mother was dead, her father had married another woman, a widow with two daughters, and her stepmother didn't like her one little bit. All the nice things, kind thoughts and loving touches were for her own daughters. And not just the kind thoughts and love, but also dresses, shoes, shawls, delicious food, comfy beds, as well as every home comfort.  All this was laid on for her daughters. But, for the poor unhappy girl, there was nothing at all. No dresses, only her stepsisters' hand-me-downs. No lovely dishes, nothing but scraps. No nice rests and comfort. For she had to work hard all day, and only when evening came was she allowed to sit for a while by the fire, near the cinders. That is how she got her nickname, for everybody called her Cinderella. Cinderella used to spend long hours all alone talking to the cat. The cat said,

"Miaow", which really meant, "Cheer up! You have something neither of your stepsisters have and that is beauty."

It was quite true. Cinderella, even dressed in rags with a dusty gray face from the cinders, was a lovely girl. While her stepsisters, no matter how splendid and elegant their clothes, were still clumsy, lumpy and ugly and always would be.

One day, beautiful new dresses arrived at the house. A ball was to be held at Court and the stepsisters were getting ready to go to it. Cinderella, didn't even dare ask, "What about me?" for she knew very well what the answer to that would be:

"You? My dear girl, you're staying at home to wash the dishes, scrub the floors and turn down the beds for your stepsisters. They will come home tired and very sleepy." Cinderella sighed at the cat.

"Oh dear, I'm so unhappy!" and the cat murmured "Miaow".

Suddenly something amazing happened. In the kitchen, where Cinderella was sitting all by herself, there was a burst of light and a fairy appeared.

"Don't be alarmed, Cinderella," said the fairy. "The wind blew me your sighs. I know you would love to go to the ball. And so you shall!"

"How can I, dressed in rags?" Cinderella replied. "The servants will turn me away!" The fairy smiled. With a flick of her magic wand... Cinderella found herself wearing the most beautiful dress, the loveliest ever seen in the realm.

"Now that we have settled the matter of the dress," said the fairy, "we'll need to get you a coach. A real lady would never go to a ball on foot!"

"Quick! Get me a pumpkin!" she ordered.

"Oh of course," said Cinderella, rushing away. Then the fairy turned to the cat.

"You, bring me seven mice!"

"Seven mice!" said the cat. "I didn't know fairies ate mice too!"

"They're not for eating, silly! Do as you are told!... and, remember they must be alive!"

Cinderella soon returned with a fine pumpkin and the cat with seven mice he had caught in the cellar.
"Good!" exclaimed the fairy. With a flick of her magic wand... wonder of wonders! The pumpkin turned into a sparkling coach and the mice became six white horses, while the seventh mouse turned into a coachman, in a smart uniform and carrying a whip. Cinderella could hardly believe her eyes.

"I shall present you at Court. You will soon see that the Prince, in whose honor the ball is being held, will be enchanted by your loveliness. But remember! You must leave the ball at midnight and come home. For that is when the spell ends. Your coach will turn back into a pumpkin, the horses will become mice again and the coachman will turn back into a mouse... and you will be dressed again in rags and wearing clogs instead of these dainty little slippers!cant you?" Cinderella smiled and said,

"Yes, can!"

When Cinderella entered the ballroom at the palace, a hush fell. Everyone stopped in mid-sentence to admire her elegance, her beauty and grace.

"Who can that be?" people asked each other. The two stepsisters also wondered who the newcomer was, for never in a month of Sundays, would they ever have guessed that the beautiful girl was really poor Cinderella who talked to the cat!

When the prince set eyes on Cinderella, he was struck by her beauty. Walking over to her, he bowed deeply and asked her to dance. And to the great disappointment of all the young ladies, he danced with Cinderella all evening.

"Who are you, fair maiden?" the Prince kept asking her. But Cinderella only replied:

"What does it matter who I am! You will never see me again anyway."

"Oh, but I shall, I'm quite certain!" he replied.

Cinderella had a wonderful time at the ball... But, all of a sudden, she heard the sound of a clock: the first stroke of midnight! She remembered what the fairy had said, and without a word of goodbye she slipped from the Prince's arms and ran down the steps. As she ran she lost one of her slippers, but not for a moment did she dream of stopping to pick it up! If the last stroke of midnight were to sound... oh... what a disaster that would be! Out she fled and vanished into the night.

The Prince, who was now madly in love with her, picked up her slipper and said to his ministers,

"Go and search everywhere for the girl whose foot this slipper fits. I will never be content until I find her!" So the ministers tried the slipper on the foot of all the girls... and on Cinderella's foot as well... Surprise! The slipper fitted perfectly.

"That awful untidy girl simply cannot have been at the ball," snapped the stepmother. "Tell the Prince he ought to marry one of my two daughters! Can't you see how ugly Cinderella is! Can't you see?"

Suddenly she broke off, for the fairy had appeared.

"That's enough!" she exclaimed, raising her magic wand. In a flash, Cinderella appeared in a splendid dress, shining with youth and beauty. Her stepmother and stepsisters gaped at her in amazement, and the ministers said,

"Come with us, fair maiden! The Prince awaits to present you with his engagement ring!" So Cinderella joyfully went with them, and lived happily ever after with her Prince. And as for the cat, he just said "Miaow"!